ASTM standards define the specific manufacturing process of the material and determine the exact chemical composition of pipes, fittings and flanges, through percentages of the permitted quantities of carbon, magnesium, nickel, etc., and are indicated by "Grade"
This is to indicate the equivalent metallic material in JIS standard and ASTM standard. However, it is to be noted that this is reference only for users' convenience and there might be differences in detailed composition etc.